Monday, April 6, 2026

INVESTIGATING ADVENTISM LIVE Q&A PODCAST: "ANG SAMPUNG UTOS, SABBATH, AT ANG BAGONG TIPAN" (Video & Outline)



ANG SAMPUNG UTOS, SABBATH, AT ANG BAGONG TIPAN
Isang Punto-por-Punto na Sagot sa Argumento ng SDA


From Ricardo Vinarao Allapitan:

Ang claim dito is: Si Pablo raw, ang inaatake lang niya ay 'yung mga taong gustong maging "righteous" sa pagsunod sa 613 laws ng Old Testament. Sinasabi rin na 'yung 9 out of 10 commandments ay valid pa rin (Romans 13:9), pero 'yung Sabbath, although hindi na literal na inuutos, isinabuhay pa rin daw ni Pablo at binanggit ni Jesus sa Matthew 24:20. In short, hindi pampaligtas ang Ten Commandments, pero "tanda" raw ito ng pag-ibig natin sa Diyos.


Ang 7 Main Claims ng SDA na Himay-himayin Natin:
  1. Inatake lang ni Pablo ay ang justification by 613 laws, hindi ang moral law.
  2. Romans 13:9 proves na umiiral pa ang 10 commandments dahil nabanggit ang 9 na utos.
  3. Isinabuhay ni Pablo ang Sabbath sa Acts, kaya "umiiral" pa ito kahit walang mababasa na iniutos
  4. Matthew 24:20 shows na may value pa rin ang Sabbath kay Jesus kahit nakabalik na siya sa langit.
  5. Tradisyong Mishnah lang ang sinira ni Jesus, hindi ang mismong Sabbath.
  6. Ang Ten Commandments ay "tanda ng love," hindi way of salvation.
  7. Hindi na literal na inutos ang Sabbath, pero "lifestyle" pa rin dapat.

Eto ang rebuttal based sa New Covenant Theology (NCT)

PUNTO 1: "613 laws lang ba ang inaatake ni Pablo?"

The Counter-Point: Gawain ng SDA na i-divide ang Mosaic Law into ceremonial, civil, at moral law. Pero sa Bible, ang nomos (law) ay isang package deal.

Sa Galatians 3:10, sinabi ni Pablo: "Cursed is everyone who does not abide by ALL things written in the Book of the Law." Hindi niya hinati 'yan. 'Yung "Book of the Law" (Torah) ay kasama ang Ten Commandments. Kung kasama ang Sabbath sa "all things" na 'yan, then under the curse ka rin kung 'yan ang ginagawa mong batayan ng righteousness. Hindi pwedeng "pick and choose."


PUNTO 2: "Romans 13:9 and the Missing Commandment"

The Counter-Point: Actually, 'yung Romans 13:9 ay pabor sa NCT. Bakit? Kasi WALA ang Sabbath sa listahan. Sabi ni Pablo, ang mga utos ay "summed up" (anakephalaioutai) sa isang salita: Agape (Love). Sa NCT, ang ethical content ng Decalogue ay ni-reaffirm sa ilalim ng Law of Christ, pero hindi na bilang Mosaic Code. Kung perpetuity ang argument, bakit in-exclude ni Pablo ang Sabbath? Simple lang: Kasi fulfilled na ang Sabbath kay Kristo (Colossians 2:16-17).


PUNTO 3: "Isinabuhay lang ni Pablo?"

The Counter-Point: Pumupunta si Pablo sa sinagoga tuwing Sabbath (Acts 13, 16, 17, 18) hindi dahil "religious obligation" niya 'yun, kundi dahil 'yun ang missionary strategy niya. Doon nagtitipon ang mga Judio, kaya doon siya nag-preach.

Look at Acts 20:7: Common hirit ng mga SDA na mali raw ang "Sunday-keepers" kasi wala naman daw explicit command sa New Testament (NT) na "ipangilin" ang Linggo. Pero teka, logic check lang: Sinasabi nila na 'yung 4th commandment (Sabbath) ay valid pa rin kasi "isinabuhay" (practiced) daw ito ni Pablo at ng mga unang Christians sa aklat ng Gawa—kahit pa aminin nilang walang bagong utos sa NT tungkol dito.

Kung ang "lifestyle" o practice ni Pablo ang sapat na ebidensya para sa Sabbath, bakit hindi ito pwedeng apply sa Sunday? Sa Acts 20:7, malinaw na ang mga disciples ay nagtipon sa "first day of the week" (Linggo) para mag-break ng bread. Kung "living it out" ang basehan, then tama rin ang mga Christians na mag-worship tuwing Linggo dahil iyon ang nakitang practice sa New Covenant community. Hindi pwedeng "practice" ang basehan niyo sa Sabado, pero "explicit command" naman ang hanap niyo sa Linggo.

"On the first day of the week, when we were gathered together to break bread, Paul talked with them, intending to depart on the next day, and he prolonged his speech until midnight." Acts 20:7 (ESV)

Narito ang malinaw na paliwanag mula sa April 1962 Ministry magazine isang opisyal na lathalain ng SDA Church para sa mga pastor ukol sa tunay na paninindigan ng kanilang church sa Gawa 20:7:

"For many years standard Seventh-day Ad­ventist teaching has been that Paul and the believers at Troas did partake of the Com­munion on the occasion referred to in Acts 20:7-11. For example, the book Sketches From the Life of Paul, penned by Ellen G. White and printed by our publishing houses in 1883, says on page 197:

"They partook of the communion, and then Paul continued his discourse till the dawn of day."

In The Acts of the Apostles, written by the same author and issued by our press in 1911, we are told on page 391:

"They partook of the communion, and then Paul 'talked a long while, even till break of day.' "

The expressions "to break bread" (verse 7), and "had broken bread, and eaten" (verse 11), need not be limited by inter­pretation to mean nothing more than a par­taking of a common meal."

Key Contextual Points

  • Layunin ng Pagtitipon: Binibigyang-diin ni Ellen G. White na ang main reason ng assembly ay religious partikular na ang pag-celebrate ng Lord's Supper at hindi lang basta isang ordinaryong kainan o common meal.

  • Oras ng Pakikibahagi: Sa kanyang narrative, ang communion ay nangyari matapos buhayin si Eutychus mula sa kamatayan at pagkatapos ng unang midnight discourse ni Paul. Ginawa ito bago siya nagpatuloy sa pagtuturo hanggang mag-bukang-liwayway (base sa Acts 20:11).

Eto naman ang mismong pag-amin ng SDA's Andrews Study Bible tungkol sa Gawa 20:7 bilang nag-iisang malinaw na ebidensya na nagtitipon ang mga unang Kristiyano tuwing Linggo:

"This passage mentions the first day of the week, as do several others in the NT. Most of these simply identify the first day as the day of Christ’s resurrection (Matt. 28:1; Mark 16:2, 9; Luke 24:1; John 20:1, 19; see note on 1 Cor. 16:2). This is the only explicit reference in the NT to Christians actually gathering on the first day of the week." (Andrews Study Bible Notes, p.1452)

Key Contextual Points

Narito ang ilang mahahalagang puntos para mas maintindihan natin ang context nito:

  • Admission from an SDA Source: Ang Andrews Study Bible ay lathalain ng Andrews University, na isang kilalang SDA institution. Ang pag-amin nila na ito lang ang "explicit reference" ng gathering sa unang araw ay isang malaking point, lalo na't madalas nilang i-emphasize ang Sabbath (Saturday).

  • Unique Distinction: Iba ang Gawa 20:7 sa mga Gospel accounts. Sa Gospels, binabanggit ang "First Day" para i-report ang Resurrection event; pero sa Acts 20:7, ang context ay Corporate Worship o ang pagtitipon ng iglesya.

  • The New Covenant Reality: Mula sa perspective ng New Covenant Theology, ang pagtitipon na ito ay nagpapakita ng shift. Hindi na ito nakatali sa Old Covenant Sabbath command, kundi nakasentro na sa pagse-celebrate ng muling pagkabuhay ni Hesus at ang "breaking of bread" (Communion) na simbolo ng Bagong Tipan.

  • Breaking of Bread: Ang phrase na "came together to break bread" ay hindi lang basta ordinaryong kainan. Ito ay technical term sa NT para sa Lord’s Supper, na nagpapatunay na ang kanilang gathering ay may spiritual at liturgical purpose.


PUNTO 4: "Matthew 24:20 and the 70 AD Reality"

The Counter-Point: Gamit na gamit 'to ng SDA, pero, practical warning lang 'to. Noong 70 AD (Fall of Jerusalem), kapag Sabbath, sarado ang mga pinto ng city at limitado ang distansiya to travel ng mga tao.

Warning ni Jesus: "Ipanalangin niyo na hindi tumapat sa Sabbath ang pagtakas niyo," kasi mahihirapan silang lumabas dahil sa Jewish restrictions ng panahon na 'yun. Hindi ito "theological endorsement" ng Sabbath; it's a socio-political reality check.

Ang Synoptic Comparison (Matthew vs. Mark & Luke) Sa usaping ito, kailangang tingnan ang Target Audience ng mga sumulat ng Ebanghelyo. Dito mo makikita na ang pagbanggit sa "Sabbath" ay hindi para sa lahat ng Kristiyano, kundi para lang sa mga nakatira sa loob ng Jerusalem noong 70 AD.

1. Matthew: Isinulat para sa mga Judio

Si Matthew ay sumulat para sa mga Jewish believers. Kaya sa Matthew 24:20, isinama niya ang phrase na "or on a Sabbath." Bakit? Kasi ang mga Judio sa Jerusalem ay may Sabbath restrictions sarado ang mga gate ng lungsod, limitado ang pwedeng lakarin (Sabbath day's journey), at walang transportasyon. Para sa isang Judiong tatakas sa gitna ng giyera, ang "Sabbath" ay isang malaking practical obstacle.

2. Mark at Luke: Isinulat para sa mga Hentil

Dito tayo mag-focus. Sina Mark at Luke ay sumulat para sa mga Gentile (mga hindi Judio) na hindi naman sakop ng Mosaic Law at hindi nag-o-observe ng Sabbath sa kanilang mga lungsod (tulad ng Rome o Antioch).

Mark 13:18: Ang sabi lang niya, "Pray that it may not happen in winter." Tinanggal ang Sabbath.

Luke 21:20-24: Direkta niyang tinukoy ang pagkubkob ng mga hukbo sa Jerusalem, pero walang binanggit tungkol sa Sabbath.

Ang Logic: Kung ang Sabbath observance ay isang "eternal moral law" na dapat sundin ng lahat ng Kristiyano hanggang sa pagbabalik ni Jesus, bakit ito tinanggal nina Mark at Luke? Kung theological requirement ito, napaka-irresponsible naman nina Mark at Luke na hindi ito ituro sa mga Hentil.

Ang katotohanan: Tinanggal nila ito dahil hindi ito applicable sa mga Hentil. Hindi kailangang ipanalangin ng isang Hentil na huwag tumapat sa Sabbath ang pagtakas niya, dahil hindi naman sarado ang mga pinto ng lungsod nila tuwing Sabado. Ito ay patunay na ang Matthew 24:20 ay isang historical, local, at practical warning para sa mga Judio sa Jerusalem noong 70 AD, at hindi isang utos para sa New Covenant church.


PUNTO 5: "Mishnah vs. Actual Sabbath"

The Counter-Point: Sa John 5:18, ang sabi ng Griyego ay elyen to sabbaton ibig sabihin, "loosened" or "dissolved" ang Sabbath. Hindi lang "tradition" ang binasag ni Jesus; claim Niya na Siya ang Lord of the Sabbath. Kung moral law na eternal at "unchangeable" ang Sabbath, bakit may authority si Jesus na baguhin or i-transcend ito? Kasi Siya ang "Rest" natin.


PUNTO 6: "Tanda lang ng Pag-ibig?"

The Counter-Point: Agree tayo na ang obedience ay fruit of salvation. Pero ang tanong: Aling kautusan ba ang susundin? NCT says we follow the Law of Christ. Ang Sabbath sa Old Testament ay isang "shadow" (skia), at ang "substance" (soma) ay si Kristo (Colossians 2:16-17). Bakit mo pa babalikan ang anino kung nandito na ang mismong Katawan?


PUNTO 7: "Hindi na literal na inutos ang Sabbath, pero 'lifestyle' pa rin dapat."

The Counter-Point: Aminado sila na wala nang "Thalt shalt keep the Sabbath" command sa New Testament na katulad ng sa Sinai. Kaya ang ginagawa nilang anggulo: ang Sabbath daw ay hindi na "legalistic requirement" kundi isang lifestyle isang paraan ng pagpapakita ng pag-ibig at pagkilala sa Diyos bilang Creator.

Ang Rebuttal (NCT Perspective): Ito ang tinatawag nating "Theological Sleight of Hand." Kung sasabihin mong "lifestyle" ito pero ipipilit mo pa rin na dapat itong gawin mula Friday sunset hanggang Saturday sunset, ibinabalik mo lang ang Mosaic Form gamit  ang ibang pangalan. 

1. Ang "Lifestyle" ni Kristo ang ating Pamantayan:

Sa New Covenant Theology (NCT), ang ating lifestyle ay hindi na nakabase sa anino ng Sabado, kundi sa Law of Christ. Ang Sabbath sa Old Testament ay isang "sign" ng Mosaic Covenant (Exodus 31:13). Kung wala na tayo sa Mosaic Covenant, bakit natin dadalhin ang "sign" nito bilang lifestyle? Ang tunay na "Sabbath lifestyle" ng isang Kristiyano ay ang spiritual rest kay Kristo araw-araw (Hebrews 4:9-10). Si Jesus ang ating kapahingahan, hindi ang ika-pitong araw.

2. Ang Irony ng Acts 20:7 at Ellen G. White

Dito nagiging exciting ang usapan. Sabi ng SDA, "lifestyle" nina Pablo ang Sabbath". Pero sa Acts 20:7, makikita ang mga Kristiyano na nagtitipon sa unang araw ng linggo (Linggo) para sa "breaking of bread." 

Nakakatuwa dahil mismong si Ellen G. White, sa kanyang librong The Acts of the Apostles (pahina 391.2), ay umamin na ang pagtitipon na ito sa Troas ay celebration ng Lord's Supper (Communion). Kung ang "breaking of bread" sa Linggo ay ang Banal na Hapunan, ibig sabihin, ang "lifestyle" ng mga unang Kristiyano ay ang pag-celebrate ng tagumpay ni Kristo tuwing Linggo! 

3. Shadow vs. Substance (Colossians 2:16-17)

Hindi mo pwedeng gawing "lifestyle" ang anino kung nandiyan na ang mismong Katawan (Substance). Ang pagsasabi na "lifestyle" ang Sabbath ay parang pagdadala pa rin ng litrato ng girlfriend mo kahit kasama mo na siya sa harap mo. Si Kristo ang katotohanan; ang Sabado ay anino lang. Ang pagpilit sa anino ay pagbalewala sa sapat na gawa ni Jesus.

LOGICAL FALLACY: Equivocation: Ginagamit ang salitang "lifestyle" para magmukhang grace-based ang pagsunod, pero ang totoo, ang definition pa rin nila ng lifestyle ay ang istriktong pagsunod sa ika-apat na utos ng Mosaic Law. It's the same legalism, just wearing a different hat.


TATLONG QUESTIONS PARA SA SDA:
  1. Kung moral obligation ang "9 commandments" sa Romans 13:9, bakit excluded ang Sabbath? Bakit hindi ito explicitly binanggit ni Pablo?
  2. Kung eternal moral law ang Sabbath (like "don't kill"), bakit tinawag itong "anino" (shadow) sa Colossians 2? May "shadow" ba ang pagpatay o pagnanakaw?
  3. Sabi ni Jesus, Siya ang Lord of the Sabbath. Kung may "Lordship" Siya over it, then He has the power to dispose or fulfill it. Kung Siya na ang ating "True Rest" (Matt. 11:28), bakit kailangan pa ng isang literal na araw para maligtas o maging "tanda" ng pag-ibig?

Sunday, April 5, 2026

INVESTIGATING ADVENTISM Q&A: "Good Friday & Easter Sunday PROVE Sunday is NOT the Sabbath!" Sinabi ba namin na Sabbath ang Sunday?



Nakita mo ba yung kumakalat na poster? Sabi doon: "Good Friday & Easter Sunday PROVE Sunday is NOT the Sabbath!" Well, to be honest... sino ba kasi ang nagsabing Sunday ang Sabbath?

Oo naman! At 100% kaming sang-ayon diyan na Sunday is NOT the Sabbath!. Pero ito ang catch: hindi naman iyon ang pinagtatalunan natin. Pakinggan mo 'to nang mabuti, kaibigan. Ang argumentong ito ay may malaking butas sa simula pa lang. Ang tawag namin diyan:

STRAW MAN FALLACY (Ito 'yung paggawa ng "pekeng kalaban" o maling posisyon para mas madali itong pabagsakin.)

Bakit Straw Man? Kasi simple lang: Walang New Covenant Theology Christian, Sunday worshiper ang nagsasabing ang Linggo ang "Sabbath." Hindi iyon ang position namin. Kailanman ay hindi namin sinabing inilipat ang Sabado sa Linggo. Ang stand namin ay ito:

"Ang Linggo ay ang Lord’s Day ang unang araw ng linggo, ang araw ng Muling Pagkabuhay ni Cristo. Ito ang paraan ng pagsamba ng mga mananampalataya sa ilalim ng Bagong Tipan."

Ibang-iba iyan sa "Sunday = Sabbath." Malayo sa katotohanan.


Ano ang Straw Man dito?

Ang poster na 'yan ay nagtatayo ng pekeng argumento na kesyo ang mga Kristiyano raw ay naniniwalang "Sunday is the Sabbath" tapos gagamit sila ng Lucas 23–24 para patunayang mali iyon.

Pero tignan natin ang tunay na position ng NCT (New Covenant Theology):

Pekeng Posisyon (Straw Man)Tunay na Posisyon ng NCT
"Sunday is the new Sabbath""Sunday is the Lord’s Day hindi ito replacement ng Sabbath."
"Inilipat namin ang Sabbath sa Linggo""Ang Mosaic Sabbath ay natupad na kay Cristo (Col. 2:16–17; Heb. 4:9–10)."
"Sunday worship = Sabbath-keeping""Sunday worship = Pag-celebrate sa resurrection ni Jesus sa ilalim ng New Covenant."
Kaya sa madaling salita, ang argumentong 'yan ay tumatama lang sa hangin. 


Ang Tunay na New Covenant Answer

Hindi namin kinokontra ang Luke 23:54–56 at Luke 24:1. Solid ang facts diyan:
  • Namatay si Jesus noong Biyernes.
  • Sabado ang Sabbath ng Lumang Tipan.
  • Muling nabuhay si Jesus noong Linggo the "first day of the week."
Pero ito ang kailangan mong itanong: Kung ang Sabado pa rin ang Sabbath na dapat nating sundin ngayon, bakit sinabi ni Paul sa Colosas 2:16–17 na huwag nating hayaang humusga ang sinuman tungkol sa Sabbath? Sabi niya, ang mga ito ay "anino lamang" ng mga bagay na darating, pero ang "katawan" o ang katuparan ay si Cristo.

At sa Hebreo 4:9–10, malinaw na ang "pahinga" ng bayan ng Diyos ay hindi na isang specific na araw kundi ang pagpasok sa kapahingahan ni Cristo. Ang Sabbath ay hindi na isang 24-hour block of time; ito ay isang Person: si Jesus.

Ang problema sa ganitong uri ng debate ay hindi nito tinatanong ang tamang tanong. Hindi ito "Saturday vs. Sunday."

Ang tunay na tanong ay: Obligado pa ba ang mga New Covenant believers sa Mosaic Sabbath commandment, o natupad na ito kay Cristo?

Para sa amin sa NCT, ang sagot ay crystal clear: Natupad na. Kay Cristo. Para sa atin.

Hindi ito pag-iwas sa utos ng Diyos. Ito ay pagyakap sa katuparan nito. Sabi nga sa Mateo 5:17, tinupad ni Jesus ang Kautusan. Ang Sabbath ay tinupad hindi binago, hindi inalis, at lalong hindi inilipat sa Linggo.

Kaya 'yung poster? Wala itong napatunayan laban sa amin, kasi hindi naman namin sinasabi ang mga bagay na pilit nitong pinapabulaanan.

Iyan ang Straw Man Fallacy. Mic drop!

FAP BIBLE PROPHECY SEMINAR: Part 1: "How Matthew’s Gospel Prepares Us for AD 70 and the Olivet Discourse?"


FORMER ADVENTISTS PHILIPPINES

"BIBLE PROPHECY SEMINAR"

Every Saturday | 6:00 PM

Session 1:April 5, 2026

LESSON 1: OLIVET’S NARRATIVE CONTEXT

How Matthew’s Gospel Prepares Us for AD 70 and the Olivet Discourse

 

SESSION INFO

Duration: 45 Minutes
Source: The Olivet Discourse Made Easy, by Dr. Kenneth Gentry Ch. 1
Perspective: Partial Preterism

Big Idea: Before we can understand Matthew 24, we must understand what the whole of Matthew’s Gospel has been building toward: God’s impending judgment upon first-century Israel.

 

LESSON TIMING OVERVIEW

 

0–5 min

OPENING & HOOK — The Prophecy That Changed Everything

 

5–15 min

PART 1 — The Confusion About the Olivet Discourse

 

15–30 min

PART 2 — Matthew’s Gospel as a Sustained Argument for AD 70

 

30–40 min

PART 3 — The Two Interpretive Frameworks: Preterism vs. Futurism

 

40–45 min

CONCLUSION, BRIDGE TO NEXT SESSION & DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

 

OPENING & HOOK (0–5 MIN)

 

Welcome & Prayer

Open with a short prayer. Welcome attendees to Session 1 of the FAP Bible Prophecy Seminar.

 

Engage the Audience (2 min)

Ask the group:

        “Kung nandoon kayo noong AD 70 at binasa ninyo ang Matthew 24 ilang taon bago mangyari ang lahat ano ang naiisip ninyo?”

Brief pause for responses, then transition with:

        “Tonight we are not starting at Matthew 24 we are starting at Matthew 1. Because the only way to understand the destination is to understand the entire road that led there.”

 

Key Text for the Seminar Series

Matthew 24:34 (ESV)

“Truly, I say to you, this generation will not pass away until all these things take place.”


State clearly: This is the anchor verse of our entire seminar. By the end of this series, you will understand exactly who ‘this generation’ refers to and it is not us.

 

PART 1: THE CONFUSION ABOUT THE OLIVET DISCOURSE (5–15 MIN)

 

A. Why the Olivet Discourse Matters

        Matthew 24–25 is the longest of Jesus’ five major discourses in Matthew’s Gospel.

        It covers 97 verses across two chapters.

        It has generated millions of bestselling books many of which are, biblically speaking, wrong.

 

B. The Popular (But Mistaken) Understanding

The majority evangelical position holds four assumptions all of which are incorrect:

 

POPULAR (FUTURIST) VIEW

BIBLICAL (PARTIAL PRETERIST) VIEW

❌ Events are in the distant future (our future today)

✅ Events occurred in the 1st century, in the lifetime of Jesus’ audience

❌ Refers to a future end-times temple

✅ Refers to the 1st-century temple destroyed in AD 70

❌ Judgments befall non-Jews who persecute Jews

✅ Judgments overwhelm the Jews themselves for rejecting the Messiah

❌ Judgments are worldwide in scope

✅ Judgments are focused on Judea and the Land of Israel

 

C. What Is Partial Preterism?

The term comes from the Latin preteritus, meaning “gone by” or “past.”

        Partial Preterism holds that many NT prophetic passages were fulfilled in the early centuries of Christianity especially around the AD 70 destruction of Jerusalem.

        It is “partial” because it still holds to a future Second Coming and final resurrection.

        It is driven not by speculation but by the text itself: words like “near,” “soon,” “this generation,” and “some standing here.”

Matthew 3:2 (ESV)

“Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand.”

Matthew 16:28 (ESV)

“Truly, I say to you, there are some standing here who will not taste death until they see the Son of Man coming in his kingdom.”

 

PART 2: MATTHEW’S GOSPEL AS A SUSTAINED ARGUMENT FOR AD 70 (15–30 MIN)

 

Teacher’s Note: Walk through this as a brief ‘narrative tour’ of Matthew, showing the drumbeat of coming judgment. Keep it brisk. Use the key texts as anchors.

 

A. MATTHEW 1–2: The Setting of the Stage

        Jesus is introduced as the Son of David and Son of Abraham the true Israel.

        Jerusalem is introduced as the center of antagonism toward Jesus (Matt 2:3).

        Jesus re-enacts the Exodus story subtly portraying Israel as the new Egypt, the enemy of God.

Matthew 2:3 (ESV)

“When Herod the king heard this, he was troubled, and all Jerusalem with him.”

 

B. MATTHEW 3–4: The Axe Is Already at the Root

        John the Baptist’s first words are a call to repentance and a warning of imminent judgment.

        “The axe is already laid at the root of the trees” not pruning, but total removal.

        Jesus’ own first words repeat John’s exact message: “Repent, for the kingdom is at hand.”


Matthew 3:10 (ESV)

“Even now the axe is laid to the root of the trees. Every tree therefore that does not bear good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire.”

Matthew 3:12 (ESV)

“His winnowing fork is in his hand, and he will clear his threshing floor and gather his wheat into the barn, but the chaff he will burn with unquenchable fire.”

Matthew 4:17 (ESV)

“From that time Jesus began to preach, saying, ‘Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand.’”

 

C. MATTHEW 5–12: Growing Evidence of Israel’s Rejection

        The Sermon on the Mount already anticipates persecution from within Israel (5:10–12).

        Jesus warns of cities in Israel whose judgment will be worse than Sodom and Gomorrah (11:20–24).

        Israel is called “an evil and adulterous generation” (12:39).


Matthew 5:10–12 (ESV)

“Blessed are those who are persecuted for righteousness’ sake, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Blessed are you when others revile you and persecute you... for so they persecuted the prophets who were before you.”

Matthew 11:20–21 (ESV)

“Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! For if the mighty works done in you had been done in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repented long ago in sackcloth and ashes.”

Matthew 10:23 (ESV)

“When they persecute you in one town, flee to the next, for truly, I say to you, you will not have gone through all the towns of Israel before the Son of Man comes.”

 

D. MATTHEW 16: The Son of Man Coming in His Kingdom

        Jesus warns that Israel’s chief priests will kill him (16:21).

        He promises some standing there will live to see him “coming in his kingdom” this is AD 70, not the final Second Coming.

Matthew 16:21 (ESV)

“From that time Jesus began to show his disciples that he must go to Jerusalem and suffer many things from the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed, and on the third day be raised.”

 

E. MATTHEW 21–23: Prophetic Theater and Final Denunciation

        Jesus enters Jerusalem for the first time in Matthew’s narrative to confront and judge.

        The cleansing of the temple is prophetic theater: he is symbolically acting out the temple’s coming destruction.

        The cursing of the fig tree is a prophetic symbol of Israel’s fruitlessness and judgment.

        The Parable of the Tenants (21:33–45): God will take the kingdom from Israel and give it to a new holy nation.

        The Parable of the Wedding Banquet (22:1–14): The king’s armies burn the city AD 70.

        Seven Woes: Jesus pronounces total condemnation of Israel’s religious leadership (ch. 23).


Matthew 21:43 (ESV)

“Therefore I tell you, the kingdom of God will be taken away from you and given to a people producing its fruits.”

Matthew 22:7 (ESV)

“The king was angry, and he sent his troops and destroyed those murderers and burned their city.”

Matthew 23:36 (ESV)

“Truly, I say to you, all these things will come upon this generation.”

 

F. MATTHEW 26–27: Israel’s Final Act of Rejection

        The chief priests, elders, scribes, and the high priest all conspire to execute Jesus.

        The people declare: “His blood be on us and on our children!” a covenant self-imprecation fulfilled in AD 70.

        Jesus warns the high priest himself will see the Son of Man coming in cloud-judgment (26:64).


Matthew 27:25 (ESV)

“And all the people answered, ‘His blood be on us and on our children!’”

Matthew 26:64 (ESV)

“Jesus said to him, ‘You have said so. But I tell you, from now on you will see the Son of Man seated at the right hand of Power and coming on the clouds of heaven.’”

 

PART 3: PRETERISM VS. FUTURISM THE INTERPRETIVE STAKES (30–40 MIN)

 

A. What Drives Each View?

        Futurism is driven by theological tradition, not exegesis. It reads Matthew 24 as disconnected from Matthew 1–23.

        Partial Preterism is driven by the text itself: imminency language, the narrative arc of Matthew, Old Testament covenantal curses, and historical fulfillment in AD 70.

 

B. The Covenantal Foundation

The judgment of Israel in AD 70 is not surprising when read against the Old Testament. God had warned Israel through Moses:


Deuteronomy 28:49–50, 52 (ESV)

“The LORD will bring a nation against you from far away, from the end of the earth, swooping down like the eagle, a nation whose language you do not understand, a hard-faced nation... It shall besiege you in all your towns, until your high and fortified walls, in which you trusted, come down throughout all your land.”


This is not anti-Semitism. This is biblical covenantalism. God judged Israel as he said he would, in accordance with the Mosaic covenant.

 

C. The New Covenant Implication

        AD 70 marks the permanent transition from Old Covenant to New Covenant.

        The destruction of the temple ends the sacrificial system forever because the one perfect sacrifice has already been made.

        The church, as the new “holy nation” (1 Peter 2:9), inherits the role once held exclusively by ethnic Israel.


1 Peter 2:9 (ESV)

“But you are a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people for his own possession, that you may proclaim the excellencies of him who called you out of darkness into his marvelous light.”

Matthew 28:19 (ESV)

“Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.”

 

CONCLUSION & BRIDGE TO SESSION 2 (40–45 MIN)

 

Summary of Lesson 1

        Matthew’s Gospel is not a random biography it is a carefully structured theological argument building toward one climax: Israel’s judgment.

        From John the Baptist’s warning in chapter 3 to the “His blood be on us” in chapter 27, Matthew shows us a nation that rejected her Messiah and would face the covenantal consequences.

        Partial Preterism does not read Matthew 24 in isolation. It reads Matthew 24 as the culmination of Matthew 1–23.

        The Olivet Discourse is not a 21st-century prophecy chart. It is a first-century judgment oracle.

 

Bridge to Session 2

In our next session, we will enter Matthew 24 itself and examine the immediate context that introduces the Olivet Discourse the Seven Woes of Matthew 23 and Jesus’ departure from the temple.

Key passage to read before next Saturday: Matthew 23:29–24:2 (ESV)

 

 

 

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

 

Facilitate these three questions after the lesson. Encourage open sharing. Allow 5–10 minutes total if time permits, or continue in a post-session group chat.

 

Discussion Question 1

Back when you were still in Adventism, how did you experience the teaching of Matthew 24? Was the focus mainly on “end-time events” that were still supposed to happen, or did anyone ever teach you that those things had already been fulfilled in the first century? Now that you’ve seen the bigger picture of Matthew’s Gospel, how has your understanding shifted?

 

Discussion Question 2

The chapter shows that John the Baptist, Jesus, and Matthew himself all point to a coming judgment on first-century Israel. But many Christians today still read Matthew 24 as a prophecy about events in our future. Bakit sa tingin mo maraming tao pa rin ang hinahawakan ang futurist view, even when the text itself keeps on saying ‘this generation’ and ‘near’? What do you think are the main reasons theological, cultural, or personal why this is so difficult to change?

 

Discussion Question 3

Israel’s confidence in their temple, in being “Abraham’s descendants,” and in their religious system eventually led to their downfall. In what ways do you see a similar danger today, where some religious groups even some former Adventists might put their trust in institutions, systems, or identities instead of in Christ himself? How does New Covenant theology help protect us from falling into that same mistake?

 

APPENDIX: ALL BIBLE TEXTS REFERENCED IN THIS LESSON (ESV)

 

Listed in canonical order. All quotations from the English Standard Version (ESV).

 

Deuteronomy

Deuteronomy 28:15, 49–50, 52, 63 (ESV)

If you are not careful to do all the words of this law... the LORD will bring a nation against you from far away... It shall besiege you in all your towns... and the LORD will take delight in bringing ruin upon you and destroying you.

Isaiah

Isaiah 9:1–2 (ESV)

“But there will be no gloom for her who was in anguish... The people who walked in darkness have seen a great light; those who dwelt in a land of deep darkness, on them has light shone.” (Quoted in Matt 4:15–16)

Micah

Micah 7:1–2 (ESV)

“Woe is me! For I have become as when the summer fruit has been gathered... The godly has perished from the earth, and there is no one upright among mankind.”

Zechariah

Zechariah 9:9 (ESV)

“Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion!... behold, your king is coming to you; righteous and having salvation is he, humble and mounted on a donkey.” (Fulfilled in Matt 21:5)

Malachi

Malachi 4:5 (ESV)

“Behold, I will send you Elijah the prophet before the great and awesome day of the LORD comes.” (Applied to John the Baptist in Matt 11:14; 17:10–13)

Matthew

Matthew 2:3 (ESV)

“When Herod the king heard this, he was troubled, and all Jerusalem with him.”

Matthew 3:2 (ESV)

“Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand.”

Matthew 3:9 (ESV)

“And do not presume to say to yourselves, ‘We have Abraham as our father,’ for I tell you, God is able from these stones to raise up children for Abraham.”

Matthew 3:10 (ESV)

“Even now the axe is laid to the root of the trees. Every tree therefore that does not bear good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire.”

Matthew 3:12 (ESV)

“His winnowing fork is in his hand, and he will clear his threshing floor and gather his wheat into the barn, but the chaff he will burn with unquenchable fire.”

Matthew 4:15–16 (ESV)

“The land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, the way of the sea, beyond the Jordan, Galilee of the Gentiles — the people dwelling in darkness have seen a great light.”

Matthew 4:17 (ESV)

“From that time Jesus began to preach, saying, ‘Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand.’”

Matthew 5:10–12 (ESV)

“Blessed are those who are persecuted for righteousness’ sake, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Blessed are you when others revile you and persecute you and utter all kinds of evil against you falsely on my account. Rejoice and be glad, for your reward is great in heaven, for so they persecuted the prophets who were before you.”

Matthew 8:11–12 (ESV)

“I tell you, many will come from east and west and recline at table with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob in the kingdom of heaven, while the sons of the kingdom will be thrown into the outer darkness.”

Matthew 10:5–6 (ESV)

“These twelve Jesus sent out, instructing them, ‘Go nowhere among the Gentiles and enter no town of the Samaritans, but go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel.’”

Matthew 10:23 (ESV)

“When they persecute you in one town, flee to the next, for truly, I say to you, you will not have gone through all the towns of Israel before the Son of Man comes.”

Matthew 11:14 (ESV)

“And if you are willing to accept it, he is Elijah who is to come.”

Matthew 11:20–21 (ESV)

“Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! For if the mighty works done in you had been done in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repented long ago in sackcloth and ashes.”

Matthew 12:39 (ESV)

“An evil and adulterous generation seeks for a sign, but no sign will be given to it except the sign of the prophet Jonah.”

Matthew 16:21 (ESV)

“From that time Jesus began to show his disciples that he must go to Jerusalem and suffer many things from the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed, and on the third day be raised.”

Matthew 16:28 (ESV)

“Truly, I say to you, there are some standing here who will not taste death until they see the Son of Man coming in his kingdom.”

Matthew 17:17 (ESV)

“And Jesus answered, ‘O faithless and twisted generation, how long am I to be with you?’”

Matthew 19:28 (ESV)

“Truly, I say to you, in the new world, when the Son of Man will sit on his glorious throne, you who have followed me will also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.”

Matthew 21:5 (ESV)

“Say to the daughter of Zion, ‘Behold, your king is coming to you, humble, and mounted on a donkey, on a colt, the foal of a beast of burden.’”

Matthew 21:13 (ESV)

“He said to them, ‘It is written, “My house shall be called a house of prayer,” but you make it a den of robbers.’”

Matthew 21:19 (ESV)

“And seeing a fig tree by the wayside, he went to it and found nothing on it but only leaves. And he said to it, ‘May no fruit ever come from you again!’ And the fig tree withered at once.”

Matthew 21:43 (ESV)

“Therefore I tell you, the kingdom of God will be taken away from you and given to a people producing its fruits.”

Matthew 22:7 (ESV)

“The king was angry, and he sent his troops and destroyed those murderers and burned their city.”

Matthew 23:36 (ESV)

“Truly, I say to you, all these things will come upon this generation.”

Matthew 23:37 (ESV)

“O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, the city that kills the prophets and stones those who are sent to it! How often would I have gathered your children together as a hen gathers her brood under her wings, and you were not willing!”

Matthew 24:34 (ESV)

“Truly, I say to you, this generation will not pass away until all these things take place.”

Matthew 26:52 (ESV)

“Then Jesus said to him, ‘Put your sword back into its place. For all who take the sword will perish by the sword.’”

Matthew 26:64 (ESV)

“Jesus said to him, ‘You have said so. But I tell you, from now on you will see the Son of Man seated at the right hand of Power and coming on the clouds of heaven.’”

Matthew 27:25 (ESV)

“And all the people answered, ‘His blood be on us and on our children!’”

Matthew 28:19 (ESV)

“Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.”

1 Thessalonians

1 Thessalonians 2:14–16 (ESV)

“For you, brothers, became imitators of the churches of God in Christ Jesus that are in Judea. For you suffered the same things from your own countrymen as they did from the Jews, who killed both the Lord Jesus and the prophets, and drove us out, and displease God and oppose all mankind...”

1 Peter

1 Peter 2:9 (ESV)

“But you are a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people for his own possession, that you may proclaim the excellencies of him who called you out of darkness into his marvelous light.”

 

 

END OF SESSION 1 — FORMER ADVENTISTS PHILIPPINES BIBLE PROPHECY SEMINAR

Next Session: April 12, 2026  |  Lesson 2: The Temple Setting and Matthew 23

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