Acts 2:17-21 (ESV)
"And in the last days it shall be, God declares, that I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh, and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy,and your young men shall see visions, and your old men shall dream dreams; even on my male servants and female servants in those days I will pour out my Spirit, and they shall prophesy. And I will show wonders in the heavens above and signs on the earth below, blood, and fire, and vapor of smoke; the sun shall be turned to darkness and the moon to blood, before the day of the Lord comes, the great and magnificent day.And it shall come to pass that everyone who calls upon the name of the Lord shall be saved."
SDA Argument:
The SDAs affirm that the prophetic statement in Acts 2:17-18, drawn from Joel 2:28-32, represents a partial fulfillment of the prophet Joel's Old Testament prophecy concerning the outpouring of the Holy Spirit and the restoration of the gift of prophecy in the last days. According to the SDAs, Acts 2 and Joel 2 collectively serve as evidence that the SDA church, as prophesied to be the remnant church, will undergo a heightened manifestation of the gift of prophecy.
For the SDAs, there is no doubt that this prophecy, in its ultimate fulfillment, was realized in the life and ministry of Ellen G. White. They firmly believe this is strong evidence that Ellen G. White was a true prophet of God for the Seventh-day Adventist Church before Christ's second coming.
The book A Critique of the Book Prophetess of Health, published by the Ellen White Estate, affirmed this perspective:
"Joel particularly specified that “your Sons and your daughters shall prophesy” in anticipation of “the great and terrible day of the Lord” (Joel 2:28-32). Seventh-day Adventists hold that the prophetic gift has been manifested in the life and ministry of Ellen G. White." [1]
The Seventh-day Adventist standard book, Seventh-day Adventist 28 Fundamental Beliefs, #18: The Gift of Prophecy, elaborates on their perspective with the following statements:
"The prophet Joel predicted a special outpouring of the prophetic gift just before Christ's return. He said, "And it shall come to pass afterward that I will pour out My Spirit on all flesh; your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams, your young men shall see visions, and also on My menservants and on My maidservants, I will pour out My Spirit in those days. And I will show wonders in the heavens and in the earth: Blood and fire and pillars of smoke. The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the coming of the great and terrible day of the Lord" (Joel 2:28-31). The first Pentecost saw a remarkable manifestation of the Spirit. Peter, citing Joel's prophecy, pointed out that God had promised such blessings (Acts 2:2-21). However, we may ask whether Joel's prophecy reached its ultimate fulfillment in Pentecost or whether there must yet be another, more complete, fulfillment. We have no evidence that the phenomena in the sun and moon that Joel spoke of either preceded or followed that outpouring of the Spirit. These phenomena did not occur until many centuries later. The complete and final fulfillment of Joel's prophecy corresponds to the latter rain, which, falling in the spring, ripened the grain (Joel 2:23). Likewise, the final bestowal of God's Spirit will take place just before the Second Advent, after the predicted signs in the sun, moon, and stars (cf. Matt. 24:29; Rev. 6:12-17; Joel 2:31)."[2]
In summary, the SDA interpretation of Joel 2:28-31 is that:
1.) The prophetic gift of prophecy will be fulfilled before Christ's second coming.
2.) This prophecy is partially fulfilled in the early church during the first Pentecost, as described in Acts 2:2-21.
3.) The phenomena involving the sun, moon, and stars mentioned in Joel 2:30-31 did not happen during the outpouring of the Holy Spirit in the first century. They argue that this indicates the event is still in the future and will take place during the Dark Ages. The complete and final fulfillment will occur after the predicted signs in the sun, moon, and stars, before Christ's second coming.
The first question that needs to be answered is regarding the fulfillment of the prophecy by the prophet Joel in Joel 2:28-32. Was it fulfilled only once, specifically during the first Pentecost as reported in Acts 2? Or is there a second fulfillment in the future before the second coming of Jesus, according to the SDA belief?
Finding an accurate answer to this question is essential because it will determine whether Ellen G. White is a true prophet. According to the SDA book The Biblical Basis for a Modern Prophet, "A complete fulfillment of Joel's ancient prediction would require an end-time manifestation of the prophetic gift."
This means that if Joel's prophecy was fulfilled solely during the time of the apostles, as reported in Acts 2, and has no future fulfillment, then Ellen G. White's claim to the gift of prophecy holds no value. It would imply that her prophetic gift was irrelevant to her time and was not needed in that role. Consequently, Ellen G. White would appear to be a false prophet and should not be recognized by the SDAs as a prophet from God.
What evidence do we have from Scripture that Joel's prophecy in Joel 2:28-32 did not extend to the time of Ellen G. White and the Seventh-day Adventist Church?
a.) The apostle Peter's use of the phrase "in the last days"
First, observe that Peter cites Joel 2 to describe their miraculous experiences before the crowd, affirming that this would occur in the "last days," a phrase not used in Joel 2:28-32:
Acts 2:16-17 (ESV) "But this is what was uttered through the prophet Joel: "And in the last days it shall be, God declares, that I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh, and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, and your young men shall see visions, and your old men shall dream dreams;
Numerous Bible verses in the New Testament indicate that the apostles of the first century perceived themselves to be living in the last days.
For instance, during Peter's sermon on Pentecost day, he cited the book of Joel, using the term "last days" to describe the moment when the Holy Spirit was poured out on them (Acts 2:16-17). Peter was certain that he was living in the last days, expressing such conviction that he quoted a passage from Joel, proclaiming its fulfillment on the day of Pentecost.
In his first letter, Peter also conveyed his understanding that he was living in the last days:
1 Peter 1:20 (NLT) "God chose him as your ransom long before the world began, but he has now revealed him to you in these last days."
Take note of how Peter defined the last days as the period in which Jesus appeared to them during their lifetime.
Paul also used similar language as he explained the lessons we should learn from the events recorded in the Old Testament:
1 Corinthians 10:11 (ESV) "Now these things happened to them as an example, but they were written down for our instruction, on whom the end of the ages has come."
Were Paul and Peter incorrect in their understanding? Were they confused? If we delve into the teachings of other New Testament writers, we discover that they also believed they were living in the last days.
The author of Hebrews penned the following:
Hebrews 1:1-2 (ESV) "Long ago, at many times and in many ways, God spoke to our fathers by the prophets, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son, whom he appointed the heir of all things, through whom also he created the world."
The author was certain that he was living in the last days, and he delineated these last days as the time when God communicated through Jesus during His earthly life. This perspective is echoed by James as well when we read how he admonished certain wealthy individuals for their greed, forewarning them of the imminent destruction awaiting them:
James 5:3 (ESV) "Your gold and silver have corroded, and their corrosion will be evidence against you and will eat your flesh like fire. You have laid up treasure in the last days."
James held the belief that the "last days" were occurring during that specific period in history, namely, the first century.
The apostle John affirmed this conviction even more strongly:
1 John 2:18 (ESV) "Children, it is the last hour, and as you have heard that antichrist is coming, so now many antichrists have come. Therefore we know that it is the last hour."
John believed that he was living in the last hour because antichrists were present. John anticipated his followers to understand this as well.
Could it be that the authors of the New Testament were in error? Did they believe they were living in what they considered the last days, or are those days still ahead of us in the future? Is it plausible that the apostles were anticipating events 2,000 years prematurely?
We believe the words of the New Testament writers literally. Peter, Paul, James, and John were not wrong. The apostles were living in the last days. We do not live in the last days or the end times.
During the first century, devout Jews centered their lives around the anticipation of a coming Messiah, the establishment of a new kingdom, and God's promise to make a new covenant with His people. These promises were of such significance that they were constantly anticipating the fulfillment of the days foretold to them by the Old Testament prophets.
The Significance of the term "Last Days" in Biblical Prophecy
The term "Last Days" in the context of biblical prophecy, specifically refers to the final period before the end of the Jewish dispensation or the Jewish age. This period marks the conclusion of the old covenant and the practices associated with it, leading up to the destruction of the Temple in AD 70.
Here's a brief explanation:
Jewish Dispensation or Jewish Age: This refers to the period during which the Jewish people were under the old covenant given by God through Moses, involving the Law and the practices of Temple worship.
Last Days: The "Last Days" are understood to be the time leading up to the end of this Jewish dispensation. It is not about the end of the world but the end of the age of the old covenant.
Significance: The "Last Days" signify a transition from the old covenant to the new covenant established by Jesus. The destruction of the Temple in AD 70 is seen as a definitive end to the Jewish age, as it marked the cessation of the central religious practices of Judaism at that time.
New Covenant: With the coming of Jesus, a new covenant was established, offering salvation to all who believe, Jew and Gentile alike. This new covenant is seen as the fulfillment of prophecies and the start of a new era in God's plan.
In summary, the "Last Days" pertain to the final period of the Jewish dispensation, culminating in the destruction of the Temple in AD 70, which ended the Jewish age and fully ushered in the new covenant established by Jesus. With Jesus' arrival, a new covenant was enacted, and a new kingdom was established. The ancient Jewish religious order reached its conclusion with the destruction of the Temple. The "last days," marking the transition from the old to the new, concluded during this first-century era. This transitional period extended from Jesus' proclamation as the Messiah until the fall of the Jerusalem Temple in AD 70. Indeed, the apostles were correct in identifying their times as 'last days.' However, Christians now inhabit a new age characterized by a new kingdom and new covenant.
This idea can be surprising and upsetting to some, especially for SDAs who were taught to expect things in the future. When they first hear this truth, it can be hard for them to understand because they've heard the phrases "end-times" and "last days" used so much, always about the world's end. They can't believe they might have been wrong about it.
Now that we understand that the "last days" don't refer to our time or the end of the world, what does this mean for Joel's prophecy regarding Ellen G. White's purported role as a prophet of God?
We have learned that the fulfillment of Joel 2:27-32's prophecy occurred only in the first century during the time of the apostle Peter. It has no relevance to the time of Ellen G. White and Seventh-day Adventist church history.
What about the SDA's argument on the celestial phenomena involving the "sun, moon, and stars"? Once more, we will refer to their standard reference book, Seventh-day Adventist 28 Fundamental Beliefs:
"However, we may ask whether Joel's prophecy reached its ultimate fulfillment in Pentecost or whether there must yet be another, more complete, fulfillment. We have no evidence that the phenomena in the sun and moon that Joel spoke of either preceded or followed that outpouring of the Spirit. These phenomena did not occur until many centuries later."[5]
Now let's address this argument by moving on to the next point.
The expressions 'Signs in the Sun, Moon, and Stars' are Figurative language.
The SDA claim that Joel's prophecy was not fully fulfilled during the time of the apostle Peter is based on a misunderstanding of the phenomena mentioned regarding the Sun, Moon, and Stars. They interpret these events literally, expecting the sun to darken, the moon to cease giving light, and stars to fall. Indeed, this did not happen literally during Peter's time on the day of Pentecost in Jerusalem. The sun did not darken, the moon did not stop shining, and the stars did not literally fall from the sky.
Here is the detailed explanation from their standard reference book, Seventh-day Adventist 28 Fundamental Beliefs, on page 379, regarding the literal interpretation of this prophecy:
"In fulfillment of this prophecy on May 19, 1780, an extraordinary darkness descended upon the northeastern part of the North American continent...The great meteoric shower of November 13, 1833 — the most extensive display of falling stars on record — fulfilled this prophecy."
Ellen G. White also endorsed this view in her book, The Great Controversy:
"May 19, 1780, stands in history as “The Dark Day.” Since the time of Moses, no period of darkness of equal density, extent, and duration has ever been recorded. The description of this event, as given by the poet and the historian, is but an echo of the words of the Lord, recorded by the prophet Joel, twenty-five hundred years previous to their fulfillment: “The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and the terrible day of the Lord come.” [Joel 2:31.]" [6]
In the language of the Bible, it was often expressed that the splendor and renown of great cities glowed like celestial bodies. The demise of such a city was depicted as the dimming of these heavenly lights.
However, the celestial phenomena prophesied by Joel were indeed fulfilled in a figurative sense during the first century when Jerusalem was destroyed in 70 AD. In Joel 2, two key events were foretold: the outpouring of the Holy Spirit and judgment upon Israel. Peter confirms that the prophecy concerning the Spirit has been fulfilled. Peter also anticipated the fulfillment of the judgment prophesied by Joel. He foresaw a judgment upon Israel happening concurrently with the outpouring of the Holy Spirit. Through God's grace, the judgment was delayed but eventually took place in AD 70 with the total destruction of Jerusalem and the Jewish old covenant system.
SDAs also need to understand that the fulfillment of the outpouring of the Holy Spirit does not align with the prophetic ministry of Ellen G. White. Firstly, because the recipients of the gift of the Holy Spirit were not limited to one individual like Ellen G. White. According to Peter's interpretation as the fulfillment of the prophecy of Joel, it was not just one person but all believers, both men and women:
Joel 2:28-29 (ESV) “And it shall come to pass afterward, that I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh; your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams, and your young men shall see visions. Even on the male and female servants in those days I will pour out my Spirit."
So, it's a huge deception for people to attribute the fulfillment of this prophecy of Joel solely to Ellen G. White. Just on that point alone, we can say with certainty that Ellen G. White is a false prophet because of this.
Let's revisit the boastful claim of SDAs about their singular prophet whom they recognize:
"Joel particularly specified that “your Sons and your daughters shall prophesy” in anticipation of “the great and terrible day of the Lord” (Joel 2:28-32). Seventh-day Adventists hold that the prophetic gift has been manifested in the life and ministry of Ellen G. White." [8]
The prophecy in Joel 2:28-32 found its fulfillment during the time of the apostles in Jerusalem, coinciding with Pentecost, which Christians regard as the birthplace and birthday of the Christian church.
[1] Ellen G. White Estate, A Critique of the Book Prophetess of Health, (Ellen G. White Estate, 1976), 23.
[2] Seventh-day Adventist 28 Fundamental Beliefs. Second Edition, Silver Springs, Michigan, United States of America, Ministerial Association General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists, 2005, 251.
[3] Frank B. Holbrook, The Biblical Basis for a Modern Prophet, (Biblical Research Institute, 1982), 4.
[4] John Norton Loughborough, Last Day Tokens, (Pacific Press Publishing Company, Mountain View, California, 1904), 50.
[6] Ellen Gould White, The Great Controversy (1888 ed.), (Mountain View, CA: Pacific Press Publishing Association, 1888), 308.
[7] D. A. Delafield, Ellen G. White in Europe 1885-1887, (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1975), 237.
[8] Ellen G. White Estate, A Critique of the Book Prophetess of Health, (Ellen G. White Estate, 1976), 23.
[10] Francis D. Nichol, Ed., The Seventh-Day Adventist Bible Commentary, (Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1980), 6:143.
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