1. Lesson Objective
To understand the role of the Ten Commandments within the old covenant and how they relate to believers in Christ today, showing that Christians live under the law of Christ empowered by the Holy Spirit.
2. Opening Prayer
"Father, we thank You for Your Word, which is truth. Give us wisdom to see Your plan in history and how the Ten Commandments point us to Jesus. Teach us to walk in Your ways under the new covenant. In Jesus’ name, Amen."
3. Question & Answer Bible Study with Exegetical Commentary
Q1: Who received the Ten Commandments and why?
A: The Bible teaches that God gave the Ten Commandments to Israel as the foundation of His covenant with them at Sinai.
Verse: Exodus 34:28 – “And he wrote on the tablets the words of the covenant—the Ten Commandments.”
Commentary:
The Ten Commandments were part of the covenant package given to Israel, not a universal moral code for all times. They expressed God’s will for His old covenant people.
Q2: Are Christians today under the Ten Commandments as a covenant law?
A: No. The Bible teaches that believers in Christ are under the new covenant and are no longer bound to the old covenant law code.
Verse: Romans 7:6 – “But now, by dying to what once bound us, we have been released from the law so that we serve in the new way of the Spirit.”
Commentary:
The Ten Commandments, as covenant law, were fulfilled in Christ. Christians are guided by the law of Christ, which includes many of the same moral principles but in a new covenant context.
Q3: Does the new covenant repeat some of the Ten Commandments?
A: Yes. The Bible teaches that nine of the Ten Commandments are reaffirmed in the teachings of Christ and the apostles, but they are given as part of the law of Christ, not the law of Moses.
Verse: Romans 13:9–10 – “The commandments… are summed up in this one command: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’ Love does no harm to a neighbor. Therefore love is the fulfillment of the law.”
Commentary:
The moral truths behind commands such as not stealing, lying, or murdering remain binding because they reflect God’s unchanging character and are fulfilled through love.
Q4: What about the Sabbath command?
A: The Bible teaches that the Sabbath was a sign between God and Israel under the old covenant, and Christians are not commanded to keep it as part of new covenant law.
Verse: Colossians 2:16–17 – “Therefore do not let anyone judge you… with regard to a Sabbath day. These are a shadow of the things that were to come; the reality, however, is found in Christ.”
Commentary:
The Sabbath pointed forward to the rest found in Christ (Hebrews 4:9–10). Our true rest is not in a day but in Him.
Q5: How should Christians relate to the Ten Commandments today?
A: The Bible teaches that we should honor the moral truths they contain, but follow them through the lens of Christ’s teaching and example.
Verse: John 14:15 – “If you love me, keep my commands.”
Commentary:
Obedience now flows from our love for Christ and the power of the Holy Spirit, not from being under the old covenant law code.
4. Reflection & Call to Action
5. Closing Prayer
"Lord Jesus, You are the fulfillment of the Law. Help us to live by Your commands, empowered by the Spirit, and motivated by love. Keep us from legalism and from ignoring Your holy standards. In Your name, Amen."
Former Adventists Philippines
“Freed by the Gospel. Firm in the Word.”
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